Taw qhia txog cov txheej txheem tshuaj tsuag welding ntawm iav lub raj mis tuaj yeem pwm

Daim ntawv no qhia txog cov txheej txheem tshuaj tsuag welding ntawm iav lub raj mis tuaj yeem pwm los ntawm peb yam

Thawj nam: cov txheej txheem tshuaj tsuag welding ntawm lub raj mis thiab tuaj yeem iav pwm, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj tsuag vuam, plasma tsuag vuam, laser tsuag vuam, thiab lwm yam.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pwm txau vuam - cov tshuaj tsuag plasma welding, tsis ntev los no tau ua tiav tshiab nyob txawv teb chaws, nrog kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, feem ntau hu ua "micro plasma spray welding".

Micro plasma spray welding tuaj yeem pab cov tuam txhab pwm kom txo tau cov peev txheej thiab kev yuav khoom tus nqi, kev saib xyuas mus sij hawm ntev thiab kev siv cov khoom siv, thiab cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem txau ntau yam haujlwm. Tsuas yog hloov cov tshuaj tsuag welding torch lub taub hau tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom sib txawv.

2.1 Dab tsi yog lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm "nickel-based alloy solder hmoov"

Nws yog ib qho tsis to taub txog "nickel" raws li cov khoom siv cladding, qhov tseeb, nickel-based alloy solder hmoov yog ib qho hlau uas muaj cov nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), boron (B) thiab silicon (Si). Cov hlau no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws qhov qis melting point, xws li ntawm 1,020 ° C txog 1,050 ° C.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas ua rau kev siv ntau ntawm cov nickel-raws li alloy solder hmoov (nickel, chromium, boron, silicon) raws li cov ntaub ntawv cladding nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lag luam yog cov nickel-raws li alloy solder hmoov nrog ntau qhov sib txawv particle loj tau txhawb nqa hauv kev ua lag luam. . Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nickel-raws li alloys tau yooj yim tso los ntawm oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) los ntawm lawv cov theem ntxov tshaj plaws vim lawv qhov qis melting point, smoothness, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev tswj ntawm weld puddle.

Oxygen Fuel Gas Vuam (OFW) muaj ob theem sib txawv: thawj theem, hu ua lub deposition theem, nyob rau hauv uas lub vuam hmoov melts thiab adheres rau lub workpiece nto; Melted rau compaction thiab txo porosity.

Qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua remelting theem yog tiav los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm melting point ntawm lub hauv paus hlau thiab npib tsib xee alloy, uas tej zaum yuav ib tug ferritic cam khwb cia hlau nrog ib tug melting point ntawm 1,350 mus rau 1,400 ° C los yog ib tug melting. point ntawm 1,370 txog 1,500 ° C ntawm C40 carbon steel (UNI 7845-78). Nws yog qhov sib txawv ntawm melting point uas ua kom cov nickel, chromium, boron, thiab silicon alloys yuav tsis ua rau remelting ntawm lub hauv paus hlau thaum lawv nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm lub remelting theem.

Txawm li cas los xij, npib tsib xee alloy deposition kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev tso cov hlaws nruj nreem tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem remelting: qhov no yuav tsum tau txais kev pab ntawm kev xa cov ntshav arc vuam (PTA).

2.2 Nickel-based alloy solder hmoov siv rau cladding punch / core hauv lub raj mis iav kev lag luam

Rau cov laj thawj no, kev lag luam iav tau xaiv cov nickel-raws li alloys rau hardened coatings ntawm punch nto. Lub deposition ntawm npib tsib xee-raws li alloys yuav ua tau tiav los ntawm oxy-roj roj vuam (OFW) los yog supersonic nplaim spraying (HVOF), thaum lub remelting txheej txheem yuav ua tau tiav los ntawm induction cua sov systems los yog oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) dua. . Ntxiv dua thiab, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus melting ntawm lub hauv paus hlau thiab cov nickel alloy yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej, txwv tsis pub cladding yuav ua tsis tau.

Nickel, chromium, boron, silicon alloys tuaj yeem ua tiav siv Plasma Transfer Arc Technology (PTA), xws li Plasma Vuam (PTAW), lossis Tungsten Inert Gas Vuam (GTAW), muab cov neeg siv khoom muaj kev cob qhia rau kev npaj roj inert.

Lub hardness ntawm nickel-raws li alloys txawv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm txoj hauj lwm, tab sis feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 30 HRC thiab 60 HRC.

2.3 Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, lub siab ntawm nickel-raws li alloys kuj loj

Lub hardness tau hais los saum toj no yog hais txog hardness ntawm chav tsev kub. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm kub, qhov hardness ntawm nickel-based alloys txo qis.

Raws li qhia saum toj no, txawm hais tias hardness ntawm cobalt-raws li alloys yog qis dua li cov nickel-raws li alloys nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, lub hardness ntawm cobalt-raws li alloys muaj zog npaum li cas ntawm cov nickel-raws li alloys nyob rau hauv high kub (xws li pwm kev khiav hauj lwm). kub).

Cov duab hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm hardness sib txawv ntawm alloy solder hmoov nrog nce kub:

2.4 Lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm "cobalt-based alloy solder hmoov" yog dab tsi?

Xav txog cobalt ua cov khoom siv cladding, nws yog ib qho alloy uas muaj cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), los yog cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), thiab molybdenum (Mo). Feem ntau hu ua "Stellite" solder hmoov, cobalt-based alloys muaj carbides thiab borides los tsim lawv tus kheej hardness. Qee cov cobalt-based alloys muaj 2.5% carbon. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm cobalt-raws li alloys yog lawv super hardness txawm nyob rau hauv high kub.

2.5 Teeb meem tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm deposition ntawm cobalt-raws li alloys ntawm lub punch / core nto:

Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso nyiaj ntawm cobalt-raws li alloys yog cuam tshuam nrog lawv qhov siab melting point. Qhov tseeb, lub melting point ntawm cobalt-raws li alloys yog 1,375 ~ 1,400 ° C, uas yog yuav luag lub melting point ntawm carbon steel thiab cam khwb cia hlau. Hypothetically, yog hais tias peb yuav tsum tau siv oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) los yog hypersonic nplaim spraying (HVOF), ces thaum lub sij hawm "remelting" theem, lub hauv paus hlau kuj yuav yaj.

Qhov kev xaiv tsuas yog siv tau rau kev tso cov hmoov cobalt raws li cov punch / core yog: Hloov Plasma Arc (PTA).

2.6 Hais txog cua txias

Raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, kev siv Oxygen Fuel Gas Welding (OFW) thiab Hypersonic Flame Spray (HVOF) cov txheej txheem txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem hmoov deposited yog ib txhij melted thiab adhered. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej remelting theem, cov linear weld hlaws yog compacted thiab lub pores yog sau.

Nws tuaj yeem pom tias kev sib txuas ntawm lub hauv paus hlau nto thiab cladding nto yog zoo meej thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov punches nyob rau hauv qhov kev xeem yog nyob rau tib (lub raj mis) ntau lawm kab, xuas nrig ntaus siv oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) los yog supersonic nplaim spraying (HVOF), xuas nrig ntaus siv plasma pauv arc (PTA), qhia nyob rau hauv tib lub hauv qab cua txias. , plasma hloov pauv arc (PTA) punch ua haujlwm kub yog 100 ° C qis dua.

2.7 Hais txog machining

Machining yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tsim cov punch / core. Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, nws yog qhov tsis zoo heev rau kev tso cov hmoov sib tov (ntawm cov punches / cores) nrog qhov hnyav txo qis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ib qho laj thawj yog hais txog machining; machining ntawm 60HRC hardness alloy solder hmoov yog qhov nyuaj heev, yuam cov neeg siv khoom xaiv tsuas yog qhov tsis tshua muaj thaum teeb tsa cov cuab yeej tig tsis tau (tig lub cuab yeej ceev, pub ceev, qhov tob ...). Siv tib txoj kev siv tshuaj tsuag vuam ntawm 45HRC alloy hmoov yog qhov yooj yim dua; cov cuab yeej tig tsis tau kuj tuaj yeem teeb tsa siab dua, thiab kev ua haujlwm nws tus kheej yuav yooj yim ua kom tiav.

2.8 Hais txog qhov hnyav ntawm deposited solder hmoov

Cov txheej txheem ntawm oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) thiab supersonic nplaim taws txau (HVOF) muaj cov hmoov poob siab heev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau siab li 70% hauv kev ua raws li cov khoom siv cladding rau lub workpiece. Yog hais tias lub tshuab core spray welding tiag tiag yuav tsum tau 30 grams ntawm cov hmoov solder, qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub vuam phom yuav tsum tsuag 100 grams ntawm cov hmoov solder.

Txog tam sim no, cov hmoov poob ntawm cov ntshav pauv arc (PTA) thev naus laus zis yog li 3% txog 5%. Rau tib lub tshuab tshuab, rab phom vuam tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txau 32 grams ntawm cov hmoov solder.

2.9 Txog sijhawm tso nyiaj

Oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) thiab supersonic nplaim spraying (HVOF) lub sij hawm deposition yog tib yam. Piv txwv li, lub sij hawm deposition thiab remelting ntawm tib lub tshuab raj yog 5 feeb. Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) thev naus laus zis kuj tseem xav tau tib yam 5 feeb kom ua tiav cov tawv tawv ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm (plasma hloov arc).

Cov duab hauv qab no qhia cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib piv ntawm ob txheej txheem no thiab hloov pauv plasma arc vuam (PTA).

Kev sib piv ntawm cov punches rau nickel-based cladding thiab cobalt-based cladding. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim khiav ntawm tib cov kab ntau lawm tau pom tias cobalt-based cladding punches tau siv sijhawm ntev dua 3 zaug ntawm cov nickel-based cladding punches, thiab cobalt-based cladding punches tsis qhia tias "degradation". thiab cov lus teb txog kev xam phaj nrog Mr. Claudio Corni, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag welding Italian, hais txog cov tshuaj tsuag tag nrho ntawm cov kab noj hniav.

Nqe Lus Nug 1: Yuav ua li cas tuab txheej vuam txheej theoretically xav tau rau kab noj hniav tag nrho cov welding? Puas yog Solder Txheej Thickness cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm?

Teb 1: Kuv xav tias qhov siab tshaj plaws thickness ntawm vuam txheej yog 2 ~ 2.5 hli, thiab oscillation amplitude yog teem rau 5 hli; Yog tias tus neeg siv khoom siv tus nqi loj dua, qhov teeb meem ntawm "lapse joint" yuav raug ntsib.

Nqe Lus Nug 2: Vim li cas ho tsis siv lub viav vias loj dua OSC = 30mm hauv ntu ncaj (pom zoo kom teeb 5mm)? Tsis yog qhov no yuav ua tau zoo dua? Puas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb rau lub viav vias 5 hli?

Teb 2: Kuv pom zoo kom cov seem ncaj kuj siv lub viav vias ntawm 5 hli los tswj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm pwm;

Yog tias siv lub viav vias 30 hli, yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom nrawm nrawm, qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav siab heev, thiab lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus hlau yuav siab dhau, thiab qhov hardness ntawm cov khoom muab tub lim poob siab li 10 HRC. Lwm qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub workpiece (vim qhov kub thiab txias), uas ua rau kom muaj kev tawg.

Nrog lub viav vias ntawm 5 hli dav, txoj kab nrawm nrawm dua, kev tswj tau zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tau txais, cov ces kaum zoo tsim, cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom ntim tau khaws cia, thiab qhov poob tsuas yog 2 ~ 3 HRC.

Q3: Dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm cov hmoov solder? Qhov twg cov hmoov solder yog tsim rau kab noj hniav welding?

A3: Kuv pom zoo kom siv cov hmoov txhuam cov qauv 30PSP, yog tias qhov tawg tshwm sim, siv 23PSP ntawm cam khwb cia hlau pwm (siv PP qauv ntawm cov pwm tooj liab).

Q4: Dab tsi yog vim li cas thiaj xaiv cov hlau nplaum? Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv grey cam khwb cia hlau?

Teb 4: Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, peb feem ntau siv nodular cam khwb cia hlau, vim hais tias nodular cam khwb cia hlau (ob lub npe lus Askiv: Nodular cam khwb cia hlau thiab Ductile cam khwb cia hlau), lub npe yog tau vim lub graphite nws muaj nyob rau hauv spherical daim ntawv nyob rau hauv lub microscope; Tsis zoo li cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg Plate-formed grey cam khwb cia hlau (qhov tseeb, nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua "laminate cam khwb cia hlau"). Xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab cov laminate cam khwb cia hlau: cov spheres tsim cov geometrical tsis kam rau tawg propagation thiab yog li tau txais ib qho tseem ceeb ductility yam ntxwv. Ntxiv mus, daim ntawv kheej kheej ntawm graphite, muab tib tus nqi, nyob hauv cheeb tsam tsawg dua, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg rau cov khoom, yog li tau txais cov khoom zoo dua. Rov qab mus rau nws thawj kev lag luam siv xyoo 1948, cov hlau nplaum tau dhau los ua lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau cov hlau (thiab lwm yam cam khwb cia hlau), ua kom tus nqi qis, kev ua haujlwm siab.

Lub diffusion kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau nplaum vim nws cov yam ntxwv, ua ke nrog kev txiav yooj yim thiab cov yam ntxwv tsis sib xws ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, Zoo heev luag / hnyav piv

zoo machinability

tus nqi qis

Chav tsev tus nqi muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo

Kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo heev ntawm tensile thiab elongation zog

Nqe Lus Nug 5: Qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua rau kev ua haujlwm ntev nrog siab hardness thiab qis hardness?

A5: Tag nrho ntau yam yog 35 ~ 21 HRC, Kuv pom zoo kom siv 30 PSP solder hmoov kom tau tus nqi hardness ze rau 28 HRC.

Hardness tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau pwm lub neej, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm lub neej yog txoj kev pwm nto "them" thiab cov khoom siv.

Kev tuav vuam, qhov tseeb (cov khoom siv vuam thiab lub hauv paus hlau) ua ke ntawm cov pwm tau los tsis zoo li PTA plasma, thiab khawb feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem iav.

Nqe Lus Nug 6: Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau tag nrho cov tshuaj tsuag vuam ntawm cov kab noj hniav sab hauv? Yuav ua li cas mus ntes thiab tswj qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem solder?

Teb 6: Kuv pom zoo kom teeb tsa cov hmoov qis qis ntawm PTA welder, tsis pub ntau tshaj 10RPM; pib los ntawm lub xub pwg lub kaum sab xis, kom qhov sib nrug ntawm 5 hli mus rau cov hlaws sib npaug.

Sau thaum kawg:

Nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov thev naus laus zis sai, kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau tsav kev nce qib ntawm kev lag luam thiab zej zog; tshuaj tsuag vuam ntawm tib lub workpiece tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Rau lub Hoobkas pwm, ntxiv rau kev xav txog cov kev xav tau ntawm nws cov neeg siv khoom, cov txheej txheem twg yuav tsum tau siv, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej siv peev, qhov yooj yim ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, kev tu thiab kev siv cov nqi siv tom qab siv, thiab seb puas yog. cov khoom siv tuaj yeem npog ntau yam khoom siv. Micro plasma spray welding undoubtedly muab kev xaiv zoo dua rau pwm factories.